Dab tsi yog txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj los kho sludge hauv dej phwj tuaj?

 

 

Sludge yog cov khoom pov tseg ib nrab uas tau tsim thaum lub sijhawm kho cov dej phwj tuaj lossis lwm cov dej khib nyiab. Nws muaj kev sib xyaw ntawm cov khoom khib nyiab, nrog rau cov khoom tsis zoo thiab cov organic teeb meem, uas tau raug tshem tawm ntawm cov dej khib nyiab. Cov sludge muaj pes tsawg leeg tuaj yeem sib txawv nyob ntawm cov txheej txheem kev kho mob siv thiab qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom pov tseg, tab sis nws feem ntau muaj cov organic teeb meem siab thiab tuaj yeem tso tawm cov ntxhiab tsw phem yog tias tsis tswj xyuas kom zoo. Sludge yog cov khoom siv los ntawm kev kho dej khib nyiab thiab yuav tsum tau muab pov tseg kom tsim nyog kom txo qis qhov cuam tshuam rau ib puag ncig.

 

Nws yog fashioned tom qab sib cais los ntawm cov dej khib nyiab los ntawm kev siv lub cev cov tswv yim thiab yog ib yam khoom viscous ntawm cov kua thiab cov khoom, nrog rau ib tug mloog ntawm tshem tawm cov khib nyiab ntawm 1% mus rau 10%, thiab ib tug ntau ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm tej yam ntuj tso cia siab rau hauv sludge solids, uas yog effortlessly. putrefied thiab tsw. Sludge yog ib qho derivative ntawm cov dej khib nyiab los ntawm kev siv lub cev, tshuaj, physicochemical thiab cov txheej txheem organic. Nws yog ib qho txawv txawv txawv txawv ntawm lub cev uas muaj cov khoom seem, cov kab mob, cov khoom tsis zoo, colloids, thiab lwm yam.

 

 

Kev faib tawm raws li qhov chaw: Sludge tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb pawg.

 

 

① Cov dej sludge (sludge tsim los ntawm cov dej huv huv, xws li cov nroj tsuag dej)

 

② Cov dej phwj tuaj hauv tsev

 

③ Muaj dej khib nyiab sludge.

 

Raws li qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab qhov xwm txheej ntawm sludge: sludge tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov organic sludge thiab inorganic sludge.

 

 

① Organic sludge, uas feem ntau muaj cov organic teeb meem thiab yog hydrophilic, suav nrog cov dej phwj hauv tsev thiab cov dej phwj sib xyaw.

 

②Inorganic sludge, muaj feem ntau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv inorganic (feem ntau hu ua sediment) thiab feem ntau yog hydrophobic, encompasses sediments los ntawm feedwater kho gravel chambers thiab tej yam kev lag luam cov dej khib nyiab uas tau kho lub cev thiab tshuaj.

 

Sludge yuav muab faib ua plaub pawg raws li txoj kev kho cov effluent los yog cov txheej txheem uas cov sludge yog cais los ntawm cov effluent.

 

 

①Primary sludge:
Primary sludge: Primary sludge yog ib hom kev kho dej khib nyiab uas tsim los ntawm thawj theem sedimentation hauv cov chaw kho dej khib nyiab. Nws yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom khib nyiab, suav nrog tib neeg pov tseg thiab cov khoom noj pov tseg, uas tshem tawm ntawm cov dej khib nyiab. Thawj cov sludge yuav tsum tau kho ntxiv ua ntej nws tuaj yeem muab pov tseg los yog siv rau cov laj thawj zoo.

 

②Residual activated sludge:
Residual activated sludge yog hais txog cov khoom seem ntawm cov khib nyiab tom qab kev kho aerobic ntawm cov dej khib nyiab hauv cov txheej txheem activated sludge. Cov sludge no yog ib qho sib xyaw ntawm cov kab mob, cov organic teeb meem, thiab cov teeb meem inorganic, thiab muaj cov as-ham uas tseem ceeb rau kev kho cov dej khib nyiab txuas ntxiv mus. Cov sludge residual activated sludge yuav tsum tau kho los yog pov tseg kom zoo, vim nws yuav ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv thiab ib puag ncig yog tias tsis kho kom raug.

 

③ Humic sludge:
Humic sludge yog ib hom sludge tsim los ntawm kev kho cov dej khib nyiab, xws li los ntawm cov ntawv mills los yog leachate los ntawm qhov chaw pov tseg. Nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm nws cov ntsiab lus organic siab thiab qib siab ntawm cov tshuaj humic, uas yog cov organic sib txuas tau los ntawm cov nroj tsuag decomposing thiab tsiaj txhu. Humic sludge tuaj yeem nyuaj rau kev kho thiab pov tseg, vim nws yuav muaj cov hlau hnyav, kab mob, thiab lwm yam kuab paug. Kev tswj kom raug thiab kev kho cov av humic sludge yog qhov tseem ceeb kom txo qis nws qhov cuam tshuam rau ib puag ncig thiab tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv.

 

④ Chemical sludge:
Chemical sludge yog ib hom kev lag luam pov tseg uas tsim los ntawm cov txheej txheem tshuaj, xws li cov khoom siv hauv kev tsim cov tshuaj, tshuaj, thiab lwm yam khoom. Nws yog tsim los ntawm cov tshuaj residual, cov khoom pov tseg, thiab cov khoom los ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim khoom. Cov tshuaj sludge tej zaum yuav muaj cov khoom phom sij thiab cov pa phem, yog li kev kho kom raug thiab pov tseg yog qhov tseem ceeb los txo nws qhov cuam tshuam rau ib puag ncig thiab tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv. Qhov no tej zaum yuav muaj xws li tshuaj stabilization, solidification, los yog neutralization ua ntej muab pov tseg, nyob ntawm seb cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov sludge thiab cov kev cai tswj nws cov kev tswj.

 

Sludge tuaj yeem muab faib ua tsib pawg raws li cov theem sib txawv ntawm nws cov khoom.

 

 

① Raw sludge:
Raw sludge yog hais txog cov dej khib nyiab uas tsis tau kho lossis kho tsawg kawg nkaus uas tau tsim los ntawm thawj cov sedimentation lossis lwm yam pib ntawm kev kho dej khib nyiab. Raw sludge muaj cov pa phem ntau, cov kab mob, thiab cov organic teeb meem, thiab yuav tsum tau kho ntxiv ua ntej nws tuaj yeem muab pov tseg los yog siv rau lub hom phiaj muaj txiaj ntsig. Nyob ntawm qhov kev siv kawg, cov txheej txheem kho ntxiv xws li kev zom zaub mov, dewatering, lossis kev kho cua sov yuav tsim nyog kom ua tau raws li kev cai tswj hwm thiab txo kev noj qab haus huv thiab ib puag ncig kev pheej hmoo cuam tshuam nrog cov sludge nyoos.

② Thickened sludge:
Thickened sludge yog hais txog kev kho dej khib nyiab uas tau dhau los ua cov txheej txheem los ua kom nws cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khib nyiab, ua kom nws muaj zog dua thiab yooj yim rau kev daws. Qhov no yog ua tiav los ntawm kev tshem tawm cov dej los ntawm cov sludge, los ntawm kev siv tshuab dewatering xws li centrifugation lossis siv lim, lossis los ntawm cov txheej txheem lom neeg xws li kev zom zaub mov. Thickening sludge txo qhov ntim ntawm sludge uas yuav tsum tau thauj, kho, thiab pov tseg, ua rau nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab ib puag ncig kev xaiv rau kev tswj sludge. Cov sludge thickened tom qab ntawd tuaj yeem kho ntxiv lossis pov tseg, nyob ntawm cov kev cai tshwj xeeb thiab kev siv kawg.

 

③Digested sludge:
Digested sludge yog cov dej khib nyiab kho sludge uas tau dhau los ua anaerobic lossis aerobic digestion, txheej txheem lom neeg uas cov kab mob ua rau cov organic teeb meem thiab txo qhov ntim ntawm cov sludge. Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev zom zaub mov yog txhawm rau txo cov ntxhiab tsw, kab mob, thiab cov tshuaj tsis haum cov organic hauv cov sludge, ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab yooj yim dua. Digested sludge kuj tuaj yeem ua kom ruaj khov, txo nws lub peev xwm ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj ib puag ncig yog tias muab pov tseg tsis raug. Cov khoom uas tau tshwm sim yog ib qho stabilized, biologically stabilized sludge uas tej zaum yuav raug kho ntxiv, xws li dewatering los yog thermal kho, los yog siv rau cov hom phiaj, xws li chiv los yog av hloov.

 

④ Cov dej sludge:
Dewatered sludge yog hais txog kev kho dej khib nyiab sludge uas tau dhau los ntawm kev kho tshuab lossis lub cev kom tshem tawm cov dej ntau dhau, uas ua rau muaj kev xav ntau dua thiab yooj yim dua los tuav cov khoom. Lub hom phiaj ntawm dewatering yog txo qhov ntim ntawm sludge uas yuav tsum tau thauj, kho, thiab pov tseg. Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev dewatering, suav nrog centrifugation, siv txoj siv sia, thiab lub tshuab nqus tsev pom, txhua qhov ua rau muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ntsiab lus sib txawv thiab cov khoom qab zib sib xws. Dewatered sludge tom qab ntawd tuaj yeem kho ntxiv, xws li kev kho cua sov lossis kev zom zaub mov, lossis siv rau lub hom phiaj muaj txiaj ntsig, xws li chiv lossis hloov av. Kev tuav thiab pov tseg cov sludge dewatered kom raug yog qhov tseem ceeb kom txo qis qhov cuam tshuam rau ib puag ncig thiab tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv.

 

⑤ Dried sludge:
Dried sludge hais txog kev kho dej khib nyiab uas tau dhau los ua kev kho cua sov kom tshem tawm cov dej ntau dhau, ua rau muaj cov khoom siv ntau dua thiab muaj zog. Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev ziab yog txo qhov ntim ntawm cov sludge uas yuav tsum tau thauj, kho, thiab pov tseg, thiab ua kom cov sludge ruaj khov, txo qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm cov ntxhiab thiab cov kab mob. Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev kom qhuav sludge, nrog rau kev ziab kom qhuav, flash drying, thiab nruas ziab, txhua qhov ua rau muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom kawg. Cov sludge qhuav tuaj yeem siv tau rau lub hom phiaj zoo, xws li roj lossis chiv, lossis pov tseg hauv qhov chaw pov tseg. Kev tuav thiab pov tseg kom zoo ntawm cov sludge qhuav yog qhov tseem ceeb kom txo qis qhov cuam tshuam rau ib puag ncig thiab tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv.

 

 

Plaub lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev kho sludge yog:

 

1.Reduction: txo qhov ntim ntawm sludge generated, piv txwv li, los ntawm kev kho ua ntej xws li sedimentation.

 

2.tabilization: tiv thaiv cov sludge los ntawm deteriorating, piv txwv li, los ntawm kev tswj pH thiab kub, los yog zom cov sludge.

 

3.Pathogen txo: txo qhov muaj cov kab mob hauv cov sludge, piv txwv li, los ntawm kev kho cua sov, kev kho tshuaj, lossis kev zom zaub mov.

 

4.Volume thiab loj txo: txo qhov ntim thiab loj ntawm cov sludge, piv txwv li, los ntawm dewatering, ziab, los yog composting.

 

Lub hom phiaj ntawm cov hauv paus ntsiab lus no yog ua kom cov sludge muaj kev nyab xeeb dua, yooj yim los daws, thiab tsis muaj teeb meem rau ib puag ncig, thaum txo tus nqi kho thiab pov tseg. Kev tswj cov sludge zoo yuav tsum muaj kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov ntsiab cai no los siv rau cov sludge kom tsim nyog thiab raug nqi, suav nrog cov kev cai hauv zos thiab cov thev naus laus zis.

 

 

Txhua hom sludge muaj nws cov kev sib tw tshwj xeeb thiab cov teeb meem muaj peev xwm. Qee qhov teeb meem feem ntau suav nrog:

Primary sludge:

 

● Cov kab mob ntau ntau, xws li cov hlau hnyav, cov kab mob, thiab cov kuab paug organic.

● Nyuaj hauv kev tswj qhov ntim loj ntawm sludge generated, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv high-flow dej khib nyiab kho cov nroj tsuag.

● Nyuaj hauv kev ua kom tau txais kev kho mob zoo thiab pov tseg cov sludge vim muaj cov khoom khib nyiab siab thiab cov khoom dewatering tsis zoo.

 

Secondary sludge:

● Cov organic teeb meem ntau ntau, uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv thiab ib puag ncig yog tias tsis tswj xyuas kom raug.

●Qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov kab mob regrowth thiab muaj peev xwm ua rau cov ntxhiab tsw tsw qab.

● Nyuaj hauv kev tswj qhov ntim loj ntawm sludge generated, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv high-flow dej khib nyiab kho cov nroj tsuag.

 

Tertiary sludge:

●Qhov xav tau kev kho mob ntxiv kom tshem tawm cov kab mob thiab cov kab mob, uas tuaj yeem ua rau tus nqi thiab qhov nyuaj ntawm kev tswj cov sludge.

●Qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov kab mob regrowth thiab muaj peev xwm ua rau cov ntxhiab tsw tsw qab.

 

Anaerobic sludge:

●Qhov xav tau rau cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb thiab cov xwm txheej kom tswj tau cov kab mob anaerobic, uas tuaj yeem ua rau tus nqi thiab qhov nyuaj ntawm kev tswj cov sludge.

● Nyuaj hauv kev tswj cov pH thiab kub, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov txheej txheem kev kho mob.

● Kev tsim cov biogas, uas yuav ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv thiab ib puag ncig yog tias tsis tswj xyuas kom raug.

 

Digested sludge:

●Qhov xav tau rau cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb thiab cov xwm txheej kom tswj tau cov kab mob anaerobic, uas tuaj yeem ua rau tus nqi thiab qhov nyuaj ntawm kev tswj cov sludge.

● Nyuaj hauv kev tswj pH thiab kub, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov txheej txheem kho.

● Lub peev xwm rau cov ntxhiab tsw tsis zoo thiab tso cov pa hauv tsev cog khoom, xws li methane, yog tias tsis tswj xyuas kom zoo.

 

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev ntsuam xyuas cov teeb meem tshwj xeeb thiab kev pheej hmoo cuam tshuam nrog txhua hom sludge txhawm rau tsim kom muaj kev tswj xyuas cov sludge zoo uas ua tau raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm zej zog thiab ib puag ncig.