MBBR txheej txheem tsim xam thiab nthuav dav
Los ntawm: Kate
Email:Kate@aquasust.com
Hnub tim: 12 Lub Xya Hli 2021
Cov Lus Qhia
1. MBBR thiab MBBR Full Form yog dab tsi
2. Tsim cov txheej txheem MBBR
2.1 Taw qhia txog biofilm cab kuj
2.2 Tshem tawm cov khoom carbonaceous
2.5 Tsim ntawm tsawg load MBBR
2.6 Nitrification ntawm MBBR Technology
2.7 Denitrification ntawm MBBR Tank
2.7.1 Txav txaj biofilm reactor nrog pre-denitrification
2.7.2 Txav txaj biofilm reactor nrog post-denitrification
2.7.3 Ua ke ua ntej / tom qab denitrification txav txaj biofilm reactor
2.7.4 Agitation ntawm denitrification
2.8 Ua ntej ua tiav
2.9Cov kua dej sib cais ntawm MBBR
2.10 Kev txiav txim siab thaum tsim MBBR
2.10.1MBBR Traveling flow rate (kab rov tav ntws)
2.10.2 MBBR Tank Foam teeb meem
2.10.3 Carrier txaj clearance thiab cia ib ntus
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1. MBBR thiab MBBR Full Form yog dab tsi
Tshaj li 20 xyoo dhau los, Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) tau hloov zuj zus mus rau hauv txoj kev yooj yim, muaj zog, hloov tau yooj yim thiab kev kho cov dej khib nyiab. Cov kev teeb tsa sib txawv ntawm MBBR tau ua tiav zoo rau kev tshem tawm BOD, ammonia oxidation thiab nitrogen tshem tawm, thiab tuaj yeem ua tau raws li cov txheej txheem sib txawv ntawm cov dej ntws zoo nrog rau cov kev txwv nruj.
Lub txaj txaj biofilm reactor siv cov yas tsim tshwj xeeb raws li cov khoom siv biofilm, thiab los ntawm kev ua kom aeration stirring, kua.
Cov cab kuj tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm hauv lub reactor los ntawm refluxing lossis mechanical mixing. Feem ntau, cov cab kuj tau ntim ntawm 1/3 thiab 2/3 ntawm lub reactor. Lub versatility ntawm MBBR tso cai rau tus tsim engineer siv nws lub tswv yim mus rau tag nrho. Qhov sib txawv loj ntawm MBBR thiab lwm yam biofilm reactors yog tias nws ua ke ntau qhov zoo ntawm cov activated sludge thiab biofilm txoj kev thaum zam kom tsis txhob muaj ntau yam ntawm lawv qhov tsis zoo.
1) Zoo ib yam li lwm cov khoom siv biofilm submerged, MBBR muaj peev xwm tsim cov biofilm tshwj xeeb uas tuaj yeem hloov kho rau cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb hauv lub reactor. Cov biofilm tshwj xeeb tshwj xeeb ua rau muaj kev ua haujlwm siab hauv ib chav tsev ntim ntawm lub reactor thiab ua rau kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov txheej txheem, yog li txo qhov loj ntawm lub reactor.
2) Qhov yooj yim thiab cov txheej txheem ntws ntawm MBBR zoo ib yam li cov activated sludge, tso cai rau ntau lub reactors los ua raws li cov kev taw qhia ntws kom tau raws li ntau lub hom phiaj kev kho mob (xws li BOD tshem tawm, nitrification, ua ntej lossis tom qab denitrification) yam tsis muaj xav tau ib lub twj nruab nrab.
3) Feem ntau ntawm cov active biomass yog pheej khaws cia nyob rau hauv lub reactor, yog li tsis zoo li cov activated sludge txheej txheem, MBBR cov khib nyiab concentration nyob rau hauv lub MBBR effluent yog tsawg kawg yog siab npaum li cov solids concentration nyob rau hauv lub reactor. MBBR yog qhov kev txiav txim siab qis dua li cov tsoos sedimentation tank, yog li ntxiv rau cov tsoos sedimentation tank, MBBR tuaj yeem siv ntau yam sib txawv ntawm cov txheej txheem sib cais cov kua dej.
4) MBBR muaj ntau yam thiab cov reactor tuaj yeem muaj cov duab sib txawv. Rau cov haujlwm retrofit, MBBR zoo haum rau retrofit ntawm cov pas dej uas twb muaj lawm.
2.Tsim cov txheej txheem MBBR
Tus tsim ntawm MBBR yog raws li lub tswv yim uas ntau MBBR tsim ib series, txhua tus muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb muaj nuj nqi, thiab hais tias cov MBBR no ua hauj lwm ua ke kom ua tiav txoj hauj lwm ntawm kev kho dej khib nyiab. Qhov kev nkag siab no yog qhov tsim nyog vim tias nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb tau muab (xws li muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov neeg txais hluav taws xob), txhua lub tshuab hluav taws xob muaj peev xwm tsim tau ib qho tshwj xeeb biofilm muaj peev xwm siv los ua kom tiav ib txoj haujlwm kho mob. Qhov no modular mus kom ze yuav saib tau raws li ib tug yooj yim thiab ncaj tsim qauv uas muaj ib tug sib lawv liag ntawm ntau yam sib xyaw reactors, txhua tus muaj lub hom phiaj kev kho mob tshwj xeeb. Nyob rau hauv sib piv, tus tsim ntawm activated sludge systems yog heev complex: txij li thaum muaj kev sib tw tshuaj tiv thaiv yog ib txwm tshwm sim, nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav ua tau raws li qhov xav tau kev kho mob lub hom phiaj nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm nyob txwv tsis pub los ntawm txhua feem ntawm lub tank (a aeration thiab non-aeration aav), lub tag nrho biosolids nyob lub sij hawm (SRT) yuav tsum tau khaws cia nyob rau hauv ib tug haum theem kom cov kab mob sib tov (nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo rau cov kab mob loj hlob thiab cov khoom raw cov dej) thiab loj hlob ua ke.
Nws yog qhov yooj yim ntawm MBBR uas tso cai rau peb nkag siab txog biofilm hauv MBBR zoo hauv kev xyaum los ntawm kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb, engineers thiab cov chaw kho dej khib nyiab. Feem ntau ntawm daim ntawv no nthuav tawm cov piv txwv ntawm MBBR kev soj ntsuam, yog li ua kom pom cov uas yog cov khoom tseem ceeb thiab cov yam ntxwv uas yuav tsum tau xav txog hauv MBBR tsim thiab kev ua haujlwm.
● AquasustMBBRProcessFqisDua iagram
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2.1Taw qhia txog biofilm cab kuj
Tus yuam sij rau kev ua tiav ntawm ib qho biofilm reactor yog kom muaj feem pua ntawm cov khoom siv bioactive hauv lub reactor. Yog tias hloov pauv cov biomass concentration ntawm MBBR cov cab kuj mus rau cov khoom raug tshem tawm, cov txiaj ntsig feem ntau yog nyob ib ncig ntawm 1000 txog 5000 mg / l. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm chav tsev ntim, qhov kev tshem tawm ntawm MBBR yog ntau dua li cov tshuab ua kom cov sludge. Qhov no tuaj yeem raug ntaus nqi rau cov hauv qab no.
1) Lub zog shear siv rau cov cab kuj los ntawm kev sib xyaw zog (xws li aeration) zoo tswj lub thickness ntawm biofilm ntawm cov cab kuj, yog li tswj kom muaj kev lom zem tag nrho.
2) Lub peev xwm los tswj cov qib siab ntawm biomass siab nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb hauv txhua lub reactor, ywj siab ntawm tag nrho HRT ntawm lub cev.
3) Lub turbulent flow condition nyob rau hauv lub reactor tswj tus nqi diffusion yuav tsum tau.
Tsiv txaj reactors tuaj yeem siv rau BOD tshem tawm, nitrification thiab denitrification, thiab yog li tuaj yeem ua ke rau hauv cov txheej txheem sib txawv. Table 1-1 summarizes ntau yam txheej txheem ntawm MBBR. Qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov txheej txheem ua tau zoo tshaj plaws yog cuam tshuam nrog cov hauv qab no.
1) Cov xwm txheej hauv zos, suav nrog kev teeb tsa thiab hydraulic hla ntu (nce) ntawm cov chaw kho dej khib nyiab.
2) Cov txheej txheem kev kho mob uas twb muaj lawm thiab muaj peev xwm hloov kho cov chaw thiab cov pas dej uas twb muaj lawm.
3) Lub hom phiaj dej zoo.
● Table 1-1 MBBR txheej txheem Summary
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Lub hom phiaj ua |
Txheej txheem |
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Ib leeg MBBR High-load MBBR muab tso ua ntej cov txheej txheem sludge |
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Nitrification |
Ib leeg MBBR MBBR teeb tsa tom qab kev kho mob thib ob IFAS |
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Kev kho denitrification |
MBBR ib leeg thiab post denitrification, MBBR ib leeg thiab post denitrification, MBBR ib leeg thiab ua ntej thiab tom qab denitrification, Post-MBBR rau denitrification ntawm nitrification effluent. |
For moving bed reactors, the effective net biofilm area is the key design parameter, and the load and reaction rate can be expressed as a function of the carrier surface area, so the carrier surface area becomes a common and convenient parameter to express the performance of MBBR. the load of MBBR is often expressed as the carrier surface area removal rate (SAAR) or the carrier surface area loading (SALR). When the concentration of the host substrate is low (e.g., S>>K), the substrate removal rate of MBBR is zero-level response. When the main substrate concentration is low (e.g. S>>K), lub substrate tshem tawm tus nqi ntawm MBBR yog thawj qhov kev txiav txim tshuaj tiv thaiv. Raws li kev tswj xyuas, tus neeg nqa khoom nto qhov chaw tshem tawm tus nqi (SAAR) tuaj yeem qhia tau tias yog kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub chaw thauj khoom ntawm thaj chaw thauj khoom (SALR), raws li qhia hauv Equation (1-1).
r =rmax-[L/(K+L)] (1-1)
r - tus nqi tshem tawm (g/(m2 -d));
rmax- tus nqi tshem tawm siab tshaj plaws (g/(m2 -d)).
L - tus nqi thauj khoom (g / (m2 -d)).
K - ib nrab-saturation tsis tu ncua.
2.2 Tshem tawm cov khoom carbonaceous
Qhov chaw thau khoom (SALR) ntawm tus neeg nqa khoom xav tau rau kev tshem tawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide nyob ntawm nws lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab cov txheej txheem dej sib cais.
Table 1-2 muab cov BOD uas nquag siv los thauj khoom rau ntau hom kev thov. Tsawg loading qhov tseem ceeb yuav tsum tau siv thaum nitrification yog downstream. Kev thauj khoom siab yuav tsum tsuas yog siv thaum tsuas yog txiav txim siab tshem tawm carbonaceous. Kev paub qhia tau hais tias rau kev tshem tawm carbonaceous, yaj cov pa oxygen nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab kua theem ntawm 2-3 mg / L yog txaus thiab ntxiv qhov ntxiv ntawm cov pa oxygen concentration tsis muaj txiaj ntsig los txhim kho cov neeg nqa khoom ntawm qhov chaw tshem tawm tus nqi (SARR).
● Table 1-2 Ib txwm BOD loading qhov tseem ceeb
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Lub Hom Phiaj Thov |
BOD ib chav tsev ntawm cov neeg nqa khoom ntog raws li (SALR) (g/m2.d) |
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Siab load (75% -80% BOD Tshem Tawm) |
20 |
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Siab load (80% -90% BOD Tshem Tawm) |
5-15 |
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Tsawg Load (Ua ntej nitrification) |
5 |
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2.3Tsim ntawm siab load MBBR
Yuav kom ua tau raws li cov qauv kev kho mob theem nrab tab sis xav tau lub tshuab ua haujlwm siab, xav txog kev siv lub txaj txaj reactor
Thaum MBBR ua haujlwm ntawm kev thauj khoom siab, nws cov khoom thauj khoom thauj khoom (SALR) tus nqi siab. Thaum MBBR ua haujlwm ntawm kev thauj khoom siab, tus nqi thauj khoom ntawm thaj chaw thauj khoom (SALR) yog siab, thiab lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog tshem tawm BOD yaj thiab yooj yim degradable los ntawm cov dej muaj zog. Nyob rau hauv siab load, lub shed biofilm poob nws cov cuab yeej, yog li tshuaj coagulation, huab cua flotation los yog cov khoom sib cuag txheej txheem feem ntau yog siv los tshem tawm cov khib nyiab los ntawm cov effluent ntawm siab load MBBR. Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau, cov txheej txheem no yog txheej txheem yooj yim uas tuaj yeem ua tau raws li cov qauv kev kho mob theem nrab nrog HRT luv. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshawb fawb MBBR siab tau nthuav tawm hauv daim duab 1-3. Daim duab 1-3(a) qhia tau hais tias MBBR muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev tshem tawm COD thiab yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm ntau qhov kev thauj khoom. Daim duab 1- 3 (b) qhia tau hais tias qhov kev daws teeb meem ntawm MBBR effluent yog qhov tsis zoo, txawm tias nyob rau ntawm qhov qis qis heev, tawm tswv yim tias yuav tsum muaj kev txhim kho cov khoom lag luam zoo. Cov txheej txheem MBBR / cov khoom sib cuag tau siv ntawm Mao Point Wastewater Treatment Plant hauv New Zealand. Daim duab 1-4 qhia txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev tshem tawm BOD yaj thiab tag nrho cov kev cuam tshuam BOD thauj khoom ntawm cov nroj tsuag no. Daim duab 1-4 qhia tias qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshem tawm BOD rau kev thauj khoom siab MBBR yog 70% txog 75%. Bioflocculation thiab kev kho mob ntxiv nrog cov txheej txheem kev sib cuag nrog cov khoom tso cai rau cov txheej txheem kom ua tau raws li cov qauv kev kho mob theem nrab.
● Daim duab 1-3
(a) Tshem tawm tus nqi ntawm COD ntawm kev thauj khoom siab.
(b) Tsis zoo sedimentation ntawm detached biofilm nyob rau hauv siab load
● Daim duab 1-4 Kev sib raug zoo ntawm qhov tawg BOD tshem tawm tus nqi thiab tag nrho BOD load hauv siab load MBBR
2.4 Tsim cov pa load MBBR
Thaum cov txheej txheem kev kho cov kab mob sib kis tau raug txiav txim siab, xaiv lub txaj txaj reactor tuaj yeem xaiv. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, ib ntus 2 MBBR nyob rau hauv kab tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm kev kho mob (theem kho mob theem nrab).
Table 1- 4 qhia txog kev tshem tawm BOD7 hauv plaub WWTPs. Tag nrho plaub WWTPs siv cov khoom siv raws li MBBR nrog ib qho MBBR organic load ntawm 7-10 gBOD7 /( m2 -d) (ntawm 10 degree ); Ua ntej MBBR, cov tshuaj tau siv rau kev tshem tawm cov flocculation thiab phosphorus, thiab txhim kho kev sib cais ntawm cov teeb meem raug tshem tawm kuj tau siv.
● Kev khiav hauj lwm tshwm sim ntawm cov pa load MBBR nrog tshuaj phosphorus tshem tawm cov txheej txheem
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2.5Tsim ntawm tsawg load MBBR
Thaum MBBR muab tso rau ua ntej nitrification reactor, qhov kev xaiv tsim kev lag luam tshaj plaws yog xav txog kev siv MBBR rau kev tshem tawm cov organic. Qhov no tso cai rau cov nitrification txav txaj reactor downstream ntawm MBBR kom ua tiav tus nqi siab nitrification. Yog tias BOD load ntawm nitrification MBBR tsis txo qis txaus, tus nqi nitrification yuav txo qis, yog li tawm hauv lub reactor nyob rau hauv lub xeev tsis muaj zog.
Daim duab {{0}} (a) qhia qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev nce BOD loading ntawm tus cab kuj nitrification tus nqi. Qhov no yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm lub siab BOD load uas ua rau ib tug ntau tshaj nitrification load nyob rau hauv lub tom ntej seem thaum organic teeb meem raug tshem tawm nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej seem. Hauv qhov piv txwv no, tus nqi nitrification yog 0.8 g/(m2 -d). Thaum BOD load yog 2 g / (m2 -d) thiab cov pa oxygen yaj hauv cov kua tseem ceeb yog 6 mg / L. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum BOD load nce mus rau 3 g / (m2 -d), tus nqi nitrification yog 0.8 g / (m{11}}d). Txawm li cas los xij, thaum BOD load tau nce mus rau 3 g / (m{13}}d), tus nqi nitrification poob li ntawm 50%. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv qhov no, tus neeg teb xov tooj tuaj yeem ua rau kom cov pa oxygen concentration nyob rau hauv cov kua theem tseem ceeb lossis nce qhov sib piv kom txo tau qhov chaw thau khoom. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias txoj hauv kev no yuav tsum tsis txhob siv rau hauv kev tsim vim tsis muaj kev lag luam thiab kev ua tau zoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum tsim MBBR rau kev tshem tawm BOD, yuav tsum tau ua raws li kev saib xyuas, xaiv tus nqi qis rau kev loj hlob kom tau txais txiaj ntsig siab tshaj plaws hauv cov dej ntws hauv qab nitrification MBBR.
Daim duab 1-6(b) qhia cov nqi nitrification ntawm peb lub aerobic MBBR ntawm qhov sib lawv liag. Nyob rau hauv daim duab ntawm 6(b), tus cab kuj nyob rau hauv txhua MBBR raug tshem tawm rau ib tug me me sim ntawm nitrification tus nqi. Cov subtests tau siv sijhawm 6 lub lis piam thiab tau ua ob zaug. Nyob rau hauv txhua qhov kev xeem, cov xwm txheej ntawm peb lub reactors subtest yuav luag zoo tib yam (piv txwv li, yaj oxygen, kub, pH, thiab thawj concentration ntawm ammonia nitrogen). Cov txiaj ntsig kev sim tau pom tias thawj lub tshuab hluav taws xob muaj qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm COD load (5.6 g / (m{5}}d)) thiab yuav luag tsis muaj nitrification effect, tab sis tau ua tiav zoo hauv kev tshem tawm COD load. Qhov no yog qhia los ntawm ob yam nram qab no.
(1) Tus nqi nitrification ntawm theem thib ob reactor yog siab thiab ze rau ntawm theem thib peb.
(2) COD cov khoom tawg ntawm theem ob thiab thib peb tsis sib txawv heev.
Rau kev tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob qis, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum xaiv qhov chaw thauj khoom ntawm qhov chaw thauj khoom (SALR) conservatively. Nws yog ua tau
Cov kab zauv hauv qab no tau siv los kho qhov chaw thau khoom ntawm tus neeg nqa khoom (SALR) raws li qhov ntsuas kub ntawm cov dej ntws: LT=L101.06(T-10)
LT - lub load ntawm qhov kub thiab txias T.
L10 -10 degree ntawm load ntawm 4.5 g / (m2 -d).
● Daim duab 1-6
(a) Cov nyhuv ntawm BOD thauj khoom thiab yaj cov pa oxygen ntawm nitrification tus nqi ntawm 15 degree .
(b) Qhov sib txawv ntawm nitrification tus nqi sib txawv MBBR hauv MBBR series
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2.6Nitrificationntawm MBBR Technology
Muaj qee yam uas muaj feem cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm nitro MBBR thiab yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab thaum tsim nitro MBBR. Qhov hnyav tshaj plaws
Cov xwm txheej yog.
(1) Organic loading.
(2) Dissolved oxygen concentration.
(3) Ammonia concentration.
(4) Cov dej concentration.
(5) pH los yog alkalinity.
Daim duab 1- 6 qhia tau hais tias kom tau txais cov txiaj ntsig zoo nitrification nyob rau hauv ib qho nitrifying MBBR uas yog downstream, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tshem tawm cov organic teeb meem los ntawm effluent nyob rau hauv upstream MBBR; txwv tsis pub, heteroxic biofilm yuav sib tw nrog nws rau qhov chaw thiab cov pa oxygen, yog li txo qis (extinguishing) cov haujlwm nitrification ntawm biofilm. Tus nqi nitrification nce ntxiv nrog txo qis cov khoom lag luam kom txog thaum cov pa oxygen yaj ua qhov txwv. Tsuas yog tsawg heev ammonia concentrations (<2 mgN/l) does the available substrate (ammonia) become the limiting factor. It is thus the concentration of ammonia that is an issue when complete nitrification is required. In this case, 2 sequential reactors can be considered, with the first stage being limited by oxygen and the second by ammonia. As with all biological treatment processes, temperature has a significant effect on nitrification rates, but this can be mitigated by increasing the dissolved oxygen within the MBBR. As alkalinity decreases to very low levels, nitrification rates within the biofilm begin to be limited. Each of the important factors that affect nitrification are discussed below.
Ntawm qhov txaus alkalinity thiab ammonia concentrations (tsawg kawg thaum xub thawj), cov nqi nitrification yuav txo qis nrog cov organic loading
nce kom txog thaum yaj cov pa oxygen dhau los ua qhov txwv. Nyob rau hauv ib tug zoo-loj hlob nitrifying biofilm, cov yaj cov pa concentration yuav txwv cov nitrification tus nqi ntawm cov cab kuj tsuas yog hais tias tus piv ntawm O2 rau NH4+-N yog qis dua 2.0. Tsis zoo li activated sludge systems, nyob rau hauv cov kev txwv oxygen, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv lub txaj reactors muaj ib tug linear los yog kwv yees li linear kev sib raug zoo nrog cov yaj oxygen concentration nyob rau hauv cov kua theem lub cev. Qhov no tej zaum yuav yog vim qhov tseeb tias qhov kev tso pa tawm ntawm cov pa tawm mus rau hauv cov kua hauv cov ntaub so ntswg rau hauv biofilm yuav yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev txwv tsis pub hloov oxygen. Ua kom cov pa oxygen concentration nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab kua theem ua rau kom cov pa oxygen concentration gradient nyob rau hauv lub biofilm. Ntawm qhov siab dua aeration tus nqi, qhov sib xyaw zog ntxiv kuj tseem ua rau kev hloov pauv ntawm cov pa oxygen los ntawm lub ntsiab kua theem mus rau biofilm. Raws li tuaj yeem pom hauv daim duab 1- 6(a), yog tias cov khoom siv thauj khoom tsis tu ncua (xws li biofilm tuab thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg), kev sib raug zoo ntawm nitrification tus nqi thiab cov pa oxygen concentration tuaj yeem xav tau. Daim duab 1-7 piav qhia tias ua rau kom cov pa yaj hauv cov kua dej tseem ceeb ua rau cov nitrification tus nqi kom txog rau thaum cov ammonia concentration nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab kua theem yog txo kom tsawg heev.
● Daim duab 1-7 Qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov pa oxygen yaj ntawm qhov qis ammonia concentration
Rau qhov loj hlob zoo "ntshiab" nitrifying biofilm, ammonia concentration nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab kua theem tsis cuam tshuam cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tus nqi kom txog rau thaum O2:NH4+- N nce mus txog 2 txog 5. Qee qhov piv txwv ntawm O2:NH{{6} } N tau muab rau hauv Table 1-5.
● Table 1-5 Qee qhov piv txwv ntawm O2: NH4+- N
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Cov ntaub ntawv |
O2: NH4+- N |
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Yam (1994) |
＜2 (Oxygen limitation) 2.7 (Tshwj xeeb O2 concentration =9-20mg/L) 3.2 (Tshwj xeeb O2 concentration =6mg/L) ＞ 5 (Ammonia txwv) |
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Bonomo (2000) |
＞ 3-4 (Ammonia txwv) ＜1-2 (Oxygen txwv) |
Tus tsim ntawm MBBR feem ntau pib nrog tus nqi pib ntawm 3.2. Tus nqi pib yog adjustable. Siv qhov sib npaug (1-3), ammonia concentration ntawm tus nqi pib no tuaj yeem siv los kwv yees tus nqi nitrification tsim nyog thiab siv los ua lub hauv paus rau kev tsim.
rNH3-N= k × (SNH3-N) (n) ({2}})
rNH3-N-nitrification tus nqi (g rNH3-N / (m2 -d)
k - cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tus nqi tas li (qhov chaw thiab qhov kub thiab txias nyob ntawm).
SNH3-N - substrate concentration uas txwv tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
n - tus naj npawb ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv theem (qhov chaw thiab qhov kub thiab txias nyob ntawm).
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tus nqi tas li (k) nrog biofilm thickness thiab diffusion ntawm limiting substrate ntawm ib tug muab dissolved oxygen concentration.Cov coefficient muaj feem xyuam rau tus naj npawb ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv theem (n) muaj feem xyuam rau cov kua zaj duab xis nyob ib sab ntawm lub biofilm. Thaum cov turbulent ntws muaj zog thiab cov txheej txheem ua kua nyob ruaj ruaj yog nyias, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv qib zoo li {{0}}.5; Thaum cov turbulent ntws qeeb thiab cov yeeb yaj kiab ua kua nyob ruaj khov yog tuab, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv qib zoo li 1.0. Lub sijhawm no, diffusion dhau los ua tus nqi txwv.
Cov ammonia concentration ntawm tus nqi tseem ceeb (SNH3-N) tuaj yeem kwv yees los ntawm qhov sib piv tseem ceeb thiab tus qauv tsim cov pa oxygen concentration hauv cov kua dej tseem ceeb, raws li qhia hauv qab no. Kev nce cov pa oxygen concentration hauv cov kua dej tseem ceeb tuaj yeem pab txo qis qhov tseem ceeb, tab sis tsis muaj kev vam meej. Tsis tas li ntawd, xav txog cov ntaub ntawv uas cov kab mob heterotrophic sib tw rau qhov chaw nyob rau hauv qee qhov reactor loads thiab kev sib xyaw ua ke, yog li txo cov pa oxygen los ntawm txheej heterotrophic ntawm biofilm.
(SNH3-N)=1.72mg-N/L=(6mgO2/L - 0.5O2/L)/3.2
Noj SNH{{0}}N raws li 1.72, piv txwv li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tus nqi tas li k=0.5 thiab theem tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm 0.7, qhov sib npaug (1- 3) tuaj yeem suav tau raws li hauv qab no.
rNH3-N=0.73g/(m2 -d)=0.5 × 1.720.7
Thaum xav txog qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov kub thiab txias ntawm nitrifying MBBR, ntau yam tseem ceeb. Nws yuav tsum raug txiav txim siab tias qhov kub thiab txias hauv MBBR tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau cov txheej txheem kinetic ntawm bio nitrification; tus nqi ntawm substrate diffusion mus rau hauv thiab tawm ntawm biomass; thiab viscosity ntawm cov kua, uas nyob rau hauv lem yuav muaj ib tug ripple nyhuv ntawm shear zog ntawm lub biofilm thickness. Cov nyhuv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv macroscopic tau piav qhia saum toj no tuaj yeem qhia los ntawm kev sib raug zoo hauv qab no.
kT2= kT1-θ(T2-T1) (1-4)
kT1 - cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tus nqi tas li ntawm qhov kub ntawm T1.
kT2 - cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tus nqi tas li ntawm qhov kub ntawm T2.
θ - kub coefficient.
Txawm hais tias qhov kub thiab txias ntawm nitrification kinetics ntawm lub caij ntuj no tsim kub txo qhov nitrification tus nqi ntawm MBBR nce nyob rau hauv lub concentration ntawm biofilm ntawm cov cab kuj yuav pom nyob rau ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, thiab ntxiv cov yaj oxygen concentration nyob rau hauv lub reactor yuav nce, uas ob leeg txo. qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov kub thiab txias ntawm nitrification tus nqi. Thaum cov dej ntws qis qis, biomass (g / m2) tau pom ntau dua. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov pa oxygen concentration hauv cov kua dej tseem ceeb tuaj yeem nce ntxiv yam tsis tas yuav nce qhov aeration vim tias cov pa oxygen nyob rau hauv qhov no yog vim muaj ntau dua solubility ntawm cov kua dej kub tsawg. Qhov no ua rau qhov kawg tshwm sim tias thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm biofilm siab dua qhov kev ua haujlwm biofilm (g NH3-N/(m2 -d) ÷ g SS / m2) txo qis, tab sis kev ua haujlwm nitrification hauv ib chav. tus neeg nqa khoom nto thaj chaw tseem tuaj yeem khaws cia ntawm qib siab. Kev hloov pauv raws caij nyoog ntawm biomass nrog qhov kub thiab txias rau tertiary nitrification MBBR tau muab rau hauv daim duab 1- 8(a). Thaum cov dej ntws tau nce los ntawm 〈15 degree mus rau 15 degree thaum lub Tsib Hlis thiab Lub Rau Hli, cov biomass concentration poob qis heev. Daim duab 1- 8 (b) faib cov ntaub ntawv ua ob thaj chaw raws li qhov kub thiab txias (〈15 degree thiab 〉15 degree ). Txawm hais tias biofilm tshwj xeeb kev ua haujlwm txo qis hauv thaj tsam 〈15 degree, qhov kev ua haujlwm macroscopic ntawm lub reactor tseem siab vim muaj ntau dua biomass concentration thiab ntau dua cov pa oxygen concentration (ua rau muaj roj ntau ntxiv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias). Qhov no tshwm sim pom tau hais tias macroscopic nto cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tus nqi ntawm cov cab kuj tuaj yeem khaws cia nyob rau theem siab hauv qhov kub thiab txias, txawm tias qhov txo qis ntawm cov kab mob nitrifying, vim biofilm adaptation.
● Daim duab 1-8 (a) Kev hloov raws caij nyoog ntawm biomass concentration thiab kub hauv MBBR nrog tertiary nitrification.
(b) Kev sib raug zoo ntawm nitrification kev ua si thiab yaj oxygen concentration ntawm qhov kub thiab txias sib txawv
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2.7 Kev tshem tawmntawm MBBR Tank
Tsiv txaj reactors tau ua tiav siv nyob rau hauv pre-, post- thiab ua ke denitrification txheej txheem. Nyob rau hauv sib piv rau lwm yam bio tib yam li cov khoom siv denitrification txheej txheem, cov yam uas yuav tsum tau xav txog nyob rau hauv tus tsim yog.
1) Qhov tsim nyog cov pa roj carbon monoxide thiab qhov tsim nyog carbon rau nitrogen piv hauv lub reactor.
2) Qhov xav tau degree ntawm denitrification.
3) Kev ntsuas kub ntawm cov dej ntws tawm.
4) Dissolved oxygen nyob rau hauv rov qab los yog dej ntws.
2.7.1 Tsiv txaj biofilm reactor nrog pre-denitrification
Thaum BOD tshem tawm, nitrification thiab nruab nrab nitrogen tshem tawm yuav tsum tau, MBBR nrog rau pem hauv ntej denitrification yog zoo suited.In thiaj li yuav siv tag nrho cov ntim ntawm cov anoxic reactor, cov dej pub yuav tsum muaj ib tug haum ratio ntawm nkag tau biodegradable COD thiab ammonia nitrogen (C. /N). Txij li thaum lub sij hawm nitrification ntawm MBBR yuav tsum tau nce siab yaj oxygen, cov pa yaj hauv cov reflux muaj feem cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm MBBR. Qhov no ua rau muaj kev txwv siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev lag luam reflux feem ntau (Q reflux / Q influent) hauv kev tsim khoom. Saum toj no tus nqi tag nrho kev ua tau zoo ntawm denitrification txo qis thaum qhov rov qab ntws tau nce ntxiv. Yog hais tias qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov effluent haum rau pem hauv ntej-kawg denitrification, tus nqi tshem tawm nitrogen feem ntau yog nruab nrab ntawm 50% thiab 70% ntawm qhov rov qab piv ntawm (1: 1) rau (3: 1). Hauv kev xyaum tsim khoom, tus nqi denitrification tuaj yeem cuam tshuam los ntawm yam xws li: qhov chaw, qhov sib txawv ntawm lub caij nyoog ntawm cov khoom effluent (xws li, C / N), yaj cov pa oxygen concentration coj mus rau hauv lub reactor, thiab effluent kub.
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2.7.2 Tsiv txaj biofilm reactor nrog post-denitrificationn
When the degradable carbon in the wastewater is naturally insufficient, or has been consumed by upstream processes, or when the wastewater treatment plant occupies an area subject to when the need for concise and high-speed denitrification is limited, MBBR with posterior denitrification can be considered. because the denitrification performance is not affected by internal circulation or carbon source, the posterior denitrification process can achieve high denitrification rates (>80%) ntawm luv luv HRT.
Yog tias qhov kev xav tau ntawm BOD thiab nitrate effluent yog nruj dua, tom qab denitrification yuav xav tau tom qab me me aeration MBBR. Kev paub txog kev ua haujlwm qhia tau hais tias yog tias muaj cov txheej txheem sedimentation nce toj, tej zaum yuav muaj phosphorus concentrations hauv post denitrification uas tsis txaus rau cell synthesis, thiab denitrification kev ua tau zoo yuav inhibited ntawm qhov ntawd.
Thaum cov pa roj carbon ntau dhau lawm, qhov siab tshaj plaws nitrate carrier deg qhov chaw tshem tawm tus nqi (SARR) ntawm cov pa roj carbon siv tau ntau dua 2g / (m2 -d). Cov nitrate nto qhov chaw tshem tawm cov nqi sib txawv ntawm cov pa roj carbon sib txawv thiab qhov kub sib txawv tau muab rau hauv daim duab 2-9.
● Daim duab 1-9 Qhov chaw tshem tawm tus nqi ntawm cov neeg nqa khoom nrog cov pa roj carbon sib txawv raws li kev ua haujlwm ntawm qhov kub thiab txias
2.7.3 Combined pre/post denitrification txav txaj biofilm reactor
Tsiv lub txaj reactors nrog rau pem hauv ntej thiab nraub qaum denitrification tuaj yeem ua ke, yog li ua kom zoo dua ntawm kev lag luam ntawm pem hauv ntej denitrification. Kev tsim ntawm pem hauv ntej denitrification reactor tuaj yeem suav tias yog lub tank aeration nyob rau lub caij ntuj no. Tus tsim yuav xav txog kev siv lub hauv ntej denitrification reactor ua lub aeration tank nyob rau lub caij ntuj no. Qhov no yog vim.
1) Ua kom qhov ntim ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv aeration tank pab txhim kho nitrification.
2) Cov dej kub qis tuaj yeem ua rau kom muaj cov pa oxygen ntau ntxiv thiab txo cov COD yaj, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm qhov kawg denitrification.
3) Thaum lub caij ntuj no, lub reactor tom qab denitrification tuaj yeem ua tiav txhua txoj haujlwm denitrification.
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27.4 Kev ntxhov siab ntawm denitrification
Hauv denitrification MBBR, rail-mounted submersible mechanical mixer tau siv los mus ncig thiab sib tov cov kua hauv lub reactor.
lub cev thiab lub cev. Cov nram qab no yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab tshwj xeeb thaum tsim tus agitator: (1) qhov chaw thiab kev taw qhia ntawm tus agitator; (3) Hom stirrer; (3) nplawm lub zog.
Tus txheeb ze ntom ntom ntawm cov khoom siv biofilm yog li ntawm 0.96, yog li nws yuav ntab hauv dej yam tsis siv lub zog, uas txawv ntawm cov txheej txheem sludge. Thaum tsis muaj lub zog siv nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem activated sludge, cov khib nyiab (sludge) tawm.
Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv MBBR, lub stirrer yuav tsum tau muab tso rau ze rau cov dej nto tab sis tsis dhau ze rau ntawm cov dej saum npoo av, txwv tsis pub nws yuav tsim ib tug vortex ntawm lub re-water nto thiab yog li coj huab cua mus rau hauv lub reactor. Raws li pom nyob rau hauv daim duab 1-10, lub stirrer yuav tsum tilted me ntsis downwards kom cov cab kuj yuav raug thawb mus tob rau hauv lub reactor. Feem ntau, MBBR tsis yog aerated yuav tsum tau 25 mus rau 35 w / m3 ntawm lub zog los ua kom tag nrho cov cab kuj. Kev ntxhov siab ntawm denitrifying MBBR yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab tshwj xeeb. Tsis yog txhua tus agitators tsim nyog siv hauv MBBR ntev. Lub chaw tsim tshuaj paus (ABS), siv ob peb MBBR chav nyob, tau tsim lub ABS123K stirrer tshwj xeeb rau kev txav txaj reactors. Qhov no stirrer yog ua los ntawm stainless hlau nrog ib tug rov qab nkhaus stirrer, uas yog muaj peev xwm tiv taus lub abrasion ntawm stirrer los ntawm cov cab kuj. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj rau cov cab kuj thiab hnav ntawm lub tshuab nqus tsev, ABS123K stirrer muaj 12 hli puag ncig tuav welded raws tis ntawm lub kiv cua. Thaum siv nyob rau hauv lub txaj txav reactor, qhov ceev ntawm ABS123K stirrer yog qhov tsawg heev (90 rpm ntawm 50 Hz thiab 105 rpm ntawm 60 Hz). Lub zog sib xyaw uas yuav tsum tau ua kom agitate lub denitrifying MBBR muaj feem xyuam rau cov cab kuj filling piv thiab qhov xav tau kev loj hlob ntawm biofilm. Cov kev paub dhau los qhia tau hais tias kev ntxhov siab ntau dua ntawm cov neeg nqa khoom qis qis (piv txwv li<55%). At higher fill ratios, it is difficult for the agitator to circulate the carriers and therefore high carrier fill ratios should be avoided. Low filling ratios and correspondingly high carrier surface loadings increase the biofilm concentration and thus sink the carrier, making it easier for the stirrer to stir the carrier and circulate it in the reactor. From this point of view, it is important to choose the appropriate denitrification reactor size, as a proper reactor size allows for a filling ratio and mechanical stirring to be compatible.
● Daim duab 10
(a) ABS123K stirrer tig rau saum npoo dej thiab tilted 30 degrees downward thawb cov cab cab ntxaum mus rau hauv lub reactor;
(b) denitrification MBBR hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov chaw kho dej khib nyiab
2.8 Ua ntej ua tiav
Raws li nrog rau lwm yam submerged biofilm technologies, cov dej pub rau MBBR yuav tsum tau pretreatment kom zoo. Txhawm rau kom muaj cov grate zoo thiab sedimentation yog qhov tsim nyog kom tsis txhob muaj qhov sib xyaw ua ke ntev ntawm cov khoom tsis zoo xws li khib nyiab, yas thiab xuab zeb hauv MBBR. Txij li thaum MBBR tau sau ib nrab nrog cov nqa khoom, cov ntaub ntawv inert no nyuaj rau tshem tawm thaum lawv nkag mus rau MBBR. Thaum muaj kev kho mob thawj zaug, MBBR cov tuam txhab feem ntau pom zoo tias qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov grate yuav tsum tsis txhob loj dua 6 hli, thiab yog tias tsis muaj kev kho thawj zaug, yuav tsum tau muab cov grate zoo ntawm 3 hli los yog tsawg dua. Tsis tas li ntawd, yog tias MBBR ntxiv rau cov txheej txheem uas twb muaj lawm, tsis tas yuav ntxiv cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub ntxiv yog tias qib kev kho mob uas twb muaj lawm twb siab lawm.
2.9 Cov kua dej sib cais ntawm MBBR
Piv nrog rau cov txheej txheem activated sludge, cov txheej txheem txav txaj yog hloov tau yooj yim los ntawm qhov pom ntawm cov khoom tom qab-kua sib cais loj. Kev kho mob lom ntawm cov txheej txheem txav txaj yog ywj siab ntawm cov txheej txheem sib cais-kua, yog li nws cov khoom sib cais-kua tuaj yeem sib txawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khib nyiab concentration ntawm MBBR effluent yog tsawg kawg yog ib qho kev txiav txim siab qis dua li ntawm cov txheej txheem activated sludge. Yog li ntawd, ntau yam khoom siv-kua sib cais thev naus laus zis tau ua tiav rau MBBR, uas tuaj yeem ua ke nrog cov khoom siv sib cais yooj yim thiab siv tau zoo xws li huab cua flotation lossis high-density sedimentation tanks qhov twg av yog tus nqi. Hauv retrofitting cov chaw kho dej khib nyiab uas twb muaj lawm, cov tso tsheb hlau luam uas twb muaj lawm yuav raug siv rau kev sib cais cov khib nyiab hauv MBBR.
2.10 Kev txiav txim siab thaum tsim MBBR
Cov hauv qab no tseem ceeb heev rau kev tsim MBBR.
2.10.1MBBRTraveling flow rate (kab rov tav flow rate)
The peak flow rate (flow divided by reactor cross-sectional area) at peak flow through the MBBR must be considered in the design with a small flow rate (e.g. 20m/h), the carriers can be evenly distributed in the reactor. Too high travel flow rate (e.g. >35m / h), cov neeg nqa khoom yuav sib sau ntawm daim phiaj cuam tshuam thiab ua rau lub taub hau loj. Qee zaum cov xwm txheej hydraulic ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws ntws yuav txiav txim siab txog geometry thiab tus lej ntawm MBBR series. Kev sab laj nrog cov chaw tsim khoom thiab txiav txim siab qhov tsim nyog mus ncig yog qhov tseem ceeb rau MBBR tsim. Lub nam piv ntawm lub reactor kuj yog ib qho tseem ceeb. Feem ntau, ib qho piv txwv me me (piv txwv li, 1: 1 lossis tsawg dua) yuav pab txo qis cov cab cab mus rau ntawm daim phiaj cuam tshuam ntawm cov nqi siab tshaj plaws thiab tso cai rau kev faib tawm ntau dua ntawm cov nqa khoom hauv lub reactor.
2.10.2MBBR Tank Foam teeb meem
Cov teeb meem ua npuas ncauj tsis tshwm sim hauv MBBR, tab sis nws yuav tshwm sim thaum pib ua haujlwm tsis zoo lossis ua haujlwm. Vim yog ob phab ntsa hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub pas dej txuas ntxiv yog siab dua li cov dej saum npoo av, yog li cov npuas yuav raug txwv rau MBBR. Yog tias ua npuas ncauj yuav tsum tau tswj, kev siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yog pom zoo. Kev siv cov defoamers yuav npog cov cab kuj thiab cuam tshuam qhov kev sib txawv ntawm cov substrate mus rau biofilm, uas yuav cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm MBBR. Silicide defoamers yuav tsum tsis txhob siv vim lawv tsis sib haum nrog cov khoom siv yas.
2.10.3Carrier txaj clearance thiab cia ib ntus
Rau kev tsim kom zoo thiab tsim cov txaj txaj reactors, txawm tias qhov ua tsis tau zoo tsis tshua muaj, nws yog qhov ua tau zoo kom tshem tawm cov teeb meem ntawm yuav ua li cas txav cov cab kuj tawm ntawm lub reactor thiab khaws cia thaum lub reactor raug kaw vim kev saib xyuas, thiab lwm yam. . Tag nrho cov kua hauv lub reactor, nrog rau cov nqa khoom, tuaj yeem ntws los ntawm 10cm concave log vortex twj tso kua mis. Yog hais tias tus qauv filling piv yog tsim nyog, cov cab kuj nyob rau hauv ib lub reactor yuav tsum tau ib ntus tsiv mus rau lwm lub reactor. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tsis zoo ntawm txoj kev no yog tias nws yog qhov nyuaj rau rov kho ob lub reactors rau lawv qhov qub filling ratios thaum tsiv cov nqa rov qab. Thaum cov neeg nqa khoom tau xa rov qab mus rau hauv lub reactor, tib txoj hauv kev tsim nyog los ntsuas qhov sib piv ntawm cov cab kuj yog kom khoob lub reactor thiab ntsuas cov cab qhov siab hauv ob lub reactors. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws, yuav muaj lwm lub pas dej lossis lwm qhov chaw tsis siv uas tuaj yeem siv los ua lub thawv ntim khoom ib ntus rau cov neeg nqa khoom, kom tus thawj reactor sau cov cab kuj tuaj yeem ua kom yooj yim.
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