Los ntawm: Sunny WuKate@aquasust.com)
Hnub Kawg Ua Ntawv Thov: Lub Xya hli ntuj 13, 2022
Ncej Tags:Vim li cas MBR daim nyias nyias yog ib qho yooj yim rau foul, thiab hauv internet backwashing tsis muaj txiaj ntsig?Peb yuav ua li cas?
MBR tau siv dav thiab loj hlob hauv kev kho cov dej khib nyiab vim MBR hloov cov dej khib nyiab thib ob, uas tuaj yeem lav cov SS sludge thiab siab sludge concentration thiab txuag dej khib nyiab ntau hauv kev ua haujlwm qee qhov teeb meem, tab sis qhov teeb meem ntawm daim nyias nyias kuj tau teeb meem rau txoj kev loj hlob. thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm MBR! Yog li teb rau cov teeb meem no, MBR cov tswv lag luam yuav tsum ua li cas kom sai sai nrhiav cov hauv paus hauv paus ntawm cov kab mob sib kis thiab muab cov kev tawm tsam meej raws li ib txoj hauv kev los txo cov zaus ntxuav.
Cov Ntsiab Lus:
1. Dab tsi yog qhov paug ntawm daim nyias nyias?
2. Dab tsi yog hom kab mob sib kis?
3. Kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm daim nyias nyias.
一,Dab tsi yog cov kab mob membrane?
Membrane contamination feem ntau yog hais txog cov txheej txheem ntawm adsorption thiab aggregation ntawm cov khoom nyob rau hauv qhov sib tov ntawm daim nyias nyias (sab nraud) thiab sab hauv daim nyias nyias pores (sab hauv), uas ua rau muaj qhov txhaws ntawm daim nyias nyias pores thiab txo cov porosity, ua rau cov kab mob lwj. flux thiab nce siab pom.
Hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm daim nyias nyias, cov dej molecules thiab cov ntaub ntawv zoo tsis tu ncua dhau ntawm daim nyias nyias, thaum qee cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia los ntawm daim nyias nyias thiab thaiv cov membrane pores los yog tso rau ntawm daim nyias nyias, yog li ua rau cov kab mob sib kis. Nws tuaj yeem hais tias cov kab mob sib kis tau tshwm sim los ntawm kev khaws cov membrane. Qhov ncaj qha tshwm sim ntawm cov kab mob sib kis yog qhov txo qis ntawm cov membrane flux lossis nce ntawm kev khiav hauj lwm siab.
Khoom noj khoom haus substrates, kab mob colloids, microbial hlwb, cell debris, microbial metabolites (EPS, SMP) thiab ntau yam organic thiab inorganic yaj nyob rau hauv lub activated sludge sib tov system tag nrho ua rau cov kab mob paug.
Kev txhim kho ntawm cov kab mob sib kis feem ntau tuaj yeem muab faib ua 3 theem (tseem muaj 2-cov lus qhia theem).
(1) Kev kis kab mob pib: Nws tshwm sim nyob rau theem pib thaum cov txheej txheem membrane tau muab tso rau hauv kev ua haujlwm thiab daim nyias nyias muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog cov colloids thiab cov organic teeb meem hauv cov khoom sib tov, thiab cov kab mob sib kis yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm adhesion, nqi zog, thiab membrane pore thaiv. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm staggered flow filtration, nplua bioflocs lossis extracellular polymers tseem tuaj yeem ua raws li daim nyias nyias, thaum cov khoom me dua li daim nyias nyias pore loj yuav adsorb nyob rau hauv daim nyias nyias pores thiab ua rau cov membrane paug los ntawm cov teebmeem ntawm concentration, crystallization nag lossis daus thiab kev loj hlob thiab kev yug me nyuam.
(2) Kev sib kis qeeb: Thaum xub thawj, lub ntsej muag daim nyias nyias yog du, thiab cov khoom loj tsis yooj yim txuas nrog, feem ntau yog EPS, SMP, biocolloids thiab lwm yam khoom hnyav adsorbed rau ntawm daim nyias nyias los ntawm cov txuas txuas txuas, net trapping thiab lwm yam cuam tshuam los tsim ib qho gel txheej, uas ua rau qeeb qeeb hauv daim nyias nyias filtration tsis kam, thiab kev khaws cia ntawm cov pa phem hauv qhov sib tov yuav txhim kho. Kev kis kab mob ntawm cov gel txheej tsis tuaj yeem zam tau thiab ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam qeeb hauv daim nyias nyias. Qhov no yog manifested raws li ib tug qeeb nce nyob rau hauv TMP nyob rau hauv tas li ndlwg khiav hauj lwm thiab ib tug qeeb decay nyob rau hauv flux nyob rau hauv tas li lub siab hom.
(3) Kev sib kis ceev ceev: Cov gel txheej tsim nyob rau hauv theem 2 yog maj mam nrog cov deposition ntawm cov pa paug nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm nruam pom qhov sib txawv thiab permeable dej ntws, ua rau cov membrane paug los ntawm ntau npaum li cas mus rau qhov zoo hloov, thiab flocs nyob rau hauv lub sib tov sai sai rau ntawm daim nyias nyias thiab daim ntawv sludge lim ncuav mog qab zib, thiab cov trans-membrane siab sib txawv nce sai heev.
Kev kis kab mob ntawm cov gel txheej tsis tuaj yeem zam tau thiab ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam qeeb ntawm daim nyias nyias. Qhov no yog manifested raws li ib tug qeeb nce nyob rau hauv TMP nyob rau hauv tas li ndlwg khiav hauj lwm thiab ib tug qeeb decay nyob rau hauv flux nyob rau hauv tas li lub siab hom. Thaum ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm sludge floc tso rau ntawm daim nyias nyias thiab ib tug sludge ncuav mog qab zib txheej yog tsim, lub system yog yeej tsis ua hauj lwm ib txwm. Lub ntsiab kev txiav txim siab rau MBR kev ua haujlwm thiab kev saib xyuas cov txheej txheem yog ua kom rov qab cov gel txheej paug (tswj cov dej zoo hydraulic, kev tu hauv tsev, tswj tus nqi ntawm cov kab mob sib kis, thiab txuas ntxiv lub sijhawm ua haujlwm qeeb ntawm kev sib kis) thiab tswj cov sludge. ncuav mog qab zib txheej contamination (sai contamination).
2,Wlub kaus mom yog hom kab mob sib kis?
(1) Kev faib tawm raws li cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke
a.Organic paug
Nws tsuas yog los ntawm macromolecular organic tshuaj (polysaccharides, proteins, thiab lwm yam), humic acids, microbial flocs, cell debris, thiab lwm yam. Ntawm lawv, yaj cov organic teeb meem SMP thiab EPS account rau 26% -52% ntawm cov kab mob membrane, txawm hais tias qhov kev faib ua feem tsawg heev rau MLSS. Kev loj hlob ntawm microbial thiab adsorption nyob rau hauv daim nyias nyias pores thiab ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm daim tawv nqaij kuj yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau cov kab mob sib kis.
b.Inorganic paug
Tsim los ntawm hlau ntsev, inorganic ntsev ion bridging kev txiav txim. Cov pa phem ntau ntawm daim nyias nyias yog carbonate, sulfate thiab silicate fouling tshuaj ntawm calcium, magnesium, hlau thiab silicon, ntawm cov calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate thiab magnesium hydroxide ntau dua.
(2) Kev faib tawm raws li qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov pa phem
Reversible pollution (kev ua qias tuaj ib ntus): tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm los ntawm qee qhov kev ntsuas hydraulic kom tshem tawm cov pa phem; xws li rov qab ntxuav los ntawm dej huv, aeration co tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm.
Irreversible pollution (kev ua qias tuaj mus ntev): tsis tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm los ntawm kev ntsuas hydraulic kom tshem tawm cov pa phem, tuaj yeem tshem tawm los ntawm kev ntxuav nrog oxidizers, acids, alkalis, txo cov neeg ua haujlwm, thiab lwm yam.
Reversible thiab irreversible, ob leeg tuaj yeem ntxuav tawm. Txhua yam kev ntxuav tsis tuaj yeem ntxuav tawm yog hu ua irrecoverable pollution.
(3) Kev faib tawm raws li qhov chaw ntawm cov kab mob
Cov khoom siv hauv cov khoom sib xyaw yog adsorbed, concentrated thiab crystallized nyob rau hauv daim nyias nyias pore, thiab tsim cov pa phem sab hauv hu ua internal pollution; qhov tsim ntawm aggregation thiab deposition ntawm daim nyias nyias nto yog hu ua sab nraud pollution.
3,Tnws cuam tshuam ntawm yam ntawm cov kab mob membrane
1. sludge mix yam ntxwv
Lub hauv paus ntawm daim nyias nyias nyob rau hauv daim nyias nyias bioreactor yog activated sludge sib tov, thiab cov pa phem ntawm daim nyias nyias los ntawm sludge sib tov yog heev nyuaj.
1)EPS thiab SMP
Extracellular polymer (EPS) thiab yaj microbial cov khoom (SMP) yog ob qho tib si microbial metabolites nrog cov tib yam muaj pes tsawg leeg, thiab lawv muaj kev cuam tshuam tseem ceeb thiab nyuaj rau cov kab mob sib kis thiab yog cov pa phem tshaj plaws hauv cov txheej txheem MBR.
EPS siab heev yuav ua rau kom cov viscosity ntawm cov sib tov uas tsis yog conducive mus rau lub diffusion ntawm yaj oxygen, ua rau nws nyuaj rau oxygenate lub sludge system, yog li cuam tshuam rau lub cev physiological kev ua ub no ntawm cov kab mob colloid, thiab yog li ua rau lub membrane filtration kuj. Thaum cov ntsiab lus EPS tsawg dhau yuav ua rau floc decomposition, uas yuav ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm MBR.
Yog li ntawd, muaj ib qho kev pom zoo EPS tus nqi uas ua rau cov qauv floc ruaj khov thiab tsis ua rau muaj qhov siab ntawm daim nyias nyias.
Nws tau pom tias feem ntau SMPs muaj qhov hnyav dua 1 KDa thiab ntau dua 10 KDa, thiab yaj cov organic teeb meem ntawm qhov hnyav molecular me me, thaum dhau los ntawm daim nyias nyias, zoo li txhaws cov membrane pores, ua rau cov kab mob sib kis thiab dhau los ua cov organic tseem ceeb. teeb meem nyob rau hauv lub effluent.
Lub caij no, cov yam ntxwv thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm SMP kuj cuam tshuam los ntawm ntau qhov kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo.
Feem ntau, txoj kev nyiam ntawm SMP paug rau daim nyias nyias hauv MBR txo nrog nce MLSS, txo cov organic loading, thiab nce cov pa oxygen.
2)MLSS concentration ntawm cov khoom raug tshem tawm hauv cov cawv sib xyaw
MLSS concentration ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau viscosity ntawm qhov sib tov, viscosity nce yog qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb rau kev poob qis hauv kev pom kev sib xyaw los ntawm kev nce hauv MLSS, yog tias qhov tsis ncaj ncees lawm tus nqi lossis lub zog aeration tsis txaus los yaug tawm cov khib nyiab txuas nrog. qhov saum npoo ntawm daim nyias nyias, yuav sai sai ua rau tsim cov pa phem txheej.
3) viscosity
Lub viscosity ntawm cov cawv sib xyaw yog cuam tshuam los ntawm MLSS. Thaum MLSS concentration siab dua qhov tseem ceeb, qhov viscosity nce exponentially nrog qhov nce ntawm solids concentration.
Nyob rau hauv hollow fiber MBR, viscosity ntawm qhov sib tov cuam tshuam rau cov npuas loj thiab qhov yooj yim ntawm cov fiber ntau hauv cov reactor. Tsis tas li ntawd, nce viscosity txo qhov DO hloov pauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov pa oxygen yaj, thiab cov pa oxygen tsawg tsawg ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm daim nyias nyias.
4) Cov dej tsis huv thiab dej tsis huv
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm ntau cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias hydrophilic yaj organic teeb meem hauv sludge plays lub luag haujlwm tsis zoo hauv qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov kab mob sib kis. Txawm li cas los xij, nws kuj tau pom tias cov dej hydrophobic flocculated sludge kuj tuaj yeem ua rau cov kab mob sib kis.
Ob qho tib si hydrophobicity thiab tus nqi ntawm cov sludge muaj feem xyuam rau cov muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab qhov xwm ntawm extracellular polymers thiab kev loj hlob Performance index ntawm filamentous kab mob. Lub overgrowth ntawm cov kab mob filamentous generates ib tug loj npaum li cas, uas txo cov hluav taws xob muaj peev xwm, lub irregular zoo ntawm flocculated sludge, thiab qhov nce ntawm hydrophobicity, ua rau cov kab mob loj heev.
5) Sludge particle loj
Qhov txo qis ntawm daim nyias nyias flux feem ntau yog tshwm sim los ntawm cov khoom nyob ib ncig ntawm 2um. Feem ntau hais lus, qhov me me ntawm qhov me me, qhov yooj yim dua cov khoom tso rau ntawm daim nyias nyias, thiab qhov ntau ntom ntawm cov txheej txheej tsim, qhov permeability tsawg dua, yog li qhov me me me me yuav ua rau cov pa phem ntau dua.
6) Sludge sedimentation Performance index SVI
Txawm hais tias tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau cov kab mob sib kis, cov sludge settling index (SVI) tuaj yeem cuam tshuam txog kev daws teeb meem ntawm cov organic hauv cov sib tov.
Tam sim no, cov khoom organic uas tsis tuaj yeem daws tau, xws li colloids, yaj cov organic teeb meem, feem ntau suav hais tias yog cov kab mob tseem ceeb ntawm daim nyias nyias.
2,Kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov txheej txheem MBR
Cov kev ua haujlwm ncaj qha los yog tsis ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau cov kab mob sib kis thiab qhov xwm txheej thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov sludge.
1) Sludge tuav lub sij hawm (SRT)
Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tau hais tias kev nce SRT tuaj yeem txo qhov tsim ntawm SMP thiab EPS, thiab tus nqi ntawm daim nyias nyias yuav raug txo.
Txawm li cas los xij, qhov ntev ntev SRT tuaj yeem ua rau cov sludge concentration siab, uas tseem ua rau cov viscosity ntau dhau thiab cuam tshuam rau kev hloov pauv huab cua thiab reactor hydrodynamics, ua rau muaj kev sib kis loj dua. SRT rau membrane bioreactors hauv kev kho dej khib nyiab hauv nroog yog 5-20 hnub.
2) Hydraulic tuav lub sij hawm (HRT)
Txawm hais tias HRT tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau cov kab mob sib kis, luv luv HRT yuav muab cov khoom noj ntau ntxiv rau cov kab mob thiab ua rau lawv loj hlob sai, ua rau cov MLSS concentration ntau dua thiab nce flux, uas yuav ua rau muaj peev xwm ntawm cov kab mob sib kis.
3) Kub thiab pH
Muab piv rau qhov kub ntawm lub caij sib txawv, nws yog ib qho yooj yim kom pom tias cov pa phem thim rov qab yog qhov hnyav dua nyob rau lub sijhawm kub qis thiab cov pa phem tsis tuaj yeem tsim sai dua nyob rau lub sijhawm kub kub.
MBR kev khiav hauj lwm pH ntau yog feem ntau 6-9, sab nraum qhov ntau, cov kab mob nitrifying hauv lub reactor yuav raug txo kom sai, uas ua rau inhibition ntawm nitrification. Thaum pH siab dua nws cov nqi tseem ceeb, kev sib kis ntawm daim nyias nyias yog ceev, thiab thaum kub nce, qhov siab tshaj plaws pH txo qis.
4) Dissolved oxygen (DO)
Qhov qis qis ntawm cov pa oxygen yaj yuav txo cov cell hydrophobicity thiab ua rau sludge floc decomposition, thiab thaum DO qis dua 1mg / l, SMP cov ntsiab lus nce siab. Dissolved oxygen kuj cuam tshuam rau cov EPS thiab SMP, thiab nyob rau hauv siab DO MBR systems, qhov piv ntawm cov proteins thiab polysaccharides nce thiab microbial zej zog muaj pes tsawg leeg sib txawv heev.
5) Membrane Fluxes
Rau tag nrho cov txheej txheem membrane, elevated fluxes tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kab mob ntau ntxiv.
Kev ntsuas qhov kev xaiv ntawm flux nrog txo qis hauv cheeb tsam daim nyias nyias, rov qab ntxuav thiab tshuaj ntxuav lub sijhawm kuj tseem muaj kev cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau cov nqi khiav haujlwm.
6) Staggered flow rate thiab aeration
Hauv kev sib cais membrane bioreactors, CFV yog ib txoj hauv kev los hloov cov membrane permeability sai.
Nyob rau hauv cov tshuab nrog siab concentration thiab me me pore me me daim nyias nyias, qhov nce ntawm CFV tuaj yeem txo qhov kev tso tawm ntawm cov kab mob ntawm daim nyias nyias. Txawm li cas los xij, rau cov dej cawv sib xyaw ua ke loj heev, CFV kev txhim kho tsis muaj lossis txawm cuam tshuam rau qhov nce siab.
Aeration ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem MBR submerged: a, muab cov pa oxygen yaj los ntawm aeration rau kev loj hlob zoo thiab cov metabolism hauv cov kab mob hauv cov sludge; b, ua si lub luag haujlwm agitating rau ncua cov sludge thiab sib tov tag nrho hauv cov tov tov; c, loosening lub membrane filaments ntawm lub hollow fiber membrane module thiab tsim shear rog nyob rau hauv daim tawv nqaij kom txo tau cov deposition ntawm cov pa phem nyob rau hauv daim nyias nyias thiab tiv thaiv lub tsim ntawm daim nyias nyias cov kab mob mus rau qee yam.
3,Qhov xwm ntawm daim nyias nyias thiab cov txheej txheem membrane
1) Membrane pore loj
Me me pore me me daim nyias nyias, yooj yim khaws cov kab mob hauv cov tshuaj, thiab tsim ib txheej tso rau ntawm daim nyias nyias, kom cov membrane kuj nce. Hom kev ua qias tuaj no feem ntau thim rov qab muaj kuab paug, tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm los ntawm kev tsis ncaj ncees lawm, rov qab ntxuav, aeration, thiab lwm yam kev siv lub cev, kev ua qias tuaj me me.
Qhov loj pore me me membrane, daim nyias nyias pore clogging yog hnyav dua nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov theem ntawm pom, nrog rau cov tsim ntawm ib tug dynamic membrane ntawm qhov chaw, cov nyhuv retention pib txhim kho. Tab sis cov pa phem tau yooj yim tso thiab txhaws rau ntawm qhov chaw thiab sab hauv daim nyias nyias pore, tsim cov pa phem tsis tuaj yeem lossis txawm tias tsis rov qab tau cov pa phem, uas dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb ua rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm daim nyias nyias thiab txo lub neej hauv kev ua haujlwm ntev.
2) Cov ntaub ntawv Membrane
Rau kev sib kis ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv hauv anaerobic MBR, cov kab mob sib kis ntawm polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) daim nyias nyias yog tsawg dua li ntawm polysulfone (PS) thiab cellulose daim nyias nyias nyob rau hauv tib yam kev ua haujlwm.
Nws yog tsim nyog hais tias muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm irreversible contaminants nyob ntawm lub membrane cov ntaub ntawv thaum polymers zoo li cov ntaub ntawv membrane muaj nyob rau hauv lub activated sludge organic feem.
3) Degree ntawm daim tawv nqaij roughness
Qhov nce ntawm daim nyias nyias roughness nce qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm adsorption ntawm cov kab mob ntawm daim nyias nyias, tab sis nws kuj nce qib ntawm daim nyias nyias deg deformation, uas cuam tshuam qhov kev tso tawm ntawm cov kab mob ntawm daim nyias nyias, yog li cov nyhuv ntawm roughness ntawm daim nyias nyias yog qhov cuam tshuam. qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm ob yam.
4) Hydrophobicity
Lub hydrophobicity ntawm cov khoom siv membrane kuj muaj qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib kis ntawm daim nyias nyias, piv rau hydrophobic thiab hydrophilic ultrafiltration daim nyias nyias, nws tau txiav txim siab tias hydrophobic ultrafiltration membrane nto yog feem ntau yuav adsorb yaj tshuaj thiab qhia tau tias muaj kev sib kis ntau dua.
Tam sim no, feem ntau ntawm txoj hauv kev los hloov cov membrane hydrophobicity yog kev hloov kho cov ntaub ntawv membrane. Xws li hloov qhov pore loj, daim nyias nyias roughness, ntxiv inorganic cov ntaub ntawv los ua ib tug dynamic pre-txheej txheej ntawm daim nyias nyias, thiab lwm yam.
4,Tswj kev ntsuas ntawm cov kab mob membrane
Lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim cov kab mob sib kis yog: qhov tshwm sim ntawm daim nyias nyias, qhov sib xyaw ua ke thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm qhov chaw, kev tswj hwm thiab kev daws cov kab mob ntawm daim nyias nyias yuav tsum tau coj los ntsuas los ntawm peb yam.
(1) Lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm daim nyias nyias
Lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg cov khoom ntawm daim nyias nyias yog txiav txim siab los ntawm cov khoom siv membrane, thiab lub peev xwm los tiv thaiv kev ua qias tuaj ntawm daim nyias nyias hauv cov khoom sib xyaw yog cuam tshuam nrog nws cov khoom. Nws tau raug pom tias hydrophilicity ntawm daim nyias nyias muaj qhov tseem ceeb heev ntawm kev muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv kev ua qias tuaj. Ntawm cov ntaub ntawv organic membrane, qee qhov yog cov ntaub ntawv hydrophilic xws li PAN thiab feem ntau yog cov khoom siv hydrophobic xws li PVDF, PE, PS, thiab lwm yam. Hydrophobic organic cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tau hloov kho hydrophilicically thaum thov, thiab vim qhov sib txawv ntawm cov txheej txheem hloov kho, qhov poob. ntawm hydrophilicity nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev siv yuav ceev thiab qeeb.
Tsis tas li ntawd, daim nyias nyias muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv kev ua qias tuaj kuj muaj feem xyuam rau daim nyias nyias roughness, daim nyias nyias ntawm tus nqi, daim nyias nyias pore loj, thiab lwm yam. Feem ntau hais lus, lub peev xwm los tiv thaiv kev ua qias tuaj ntawm daim nyias nyias tuaj yeem txhim kho los ntawm kev xaiv cov ntaub ntawv membrane nrog zoo hydrophilicity, txhim kho qhov roughness. ntawm daim nyias nyias, xaiv cov ntaub ntawv membrane nrog tib lub peev xwm raws li qhov sib xyaw, thiab tsim cov membrane pore loj.
Inorganic membranes xws li ceramic membranes: alumina, silicon carbide, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, thiab lwm yam raws li raw cov ntaub ntawv, high-temperature sintering, nyob rau hauv lub flux, lub zog, tshuaj stability yooj yim dua organic membranes muaj cuab kev zoo.
(2) Qhov xwm ntawm cov kua sib xyaw
Membrane paug feem ntau yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm daim nyias nyias thiab sib tov. Qhov xwm ntawm qhov sib tov muaj xws li sludge concentration thiab viscosity, particle tis, yaj organic teeb meem concentration, microbial metabolite concentration, thiab lwm yam.
Thaum cov sludge concentration tsawg, cov sludge adsorption thiab degradation muaj peev xwm ntawm cov organic teeb meem yog tsis txaus, cov concentration ntawm cov organic teeb meem nyob rau hauv cov sib tov nce, lub membrane pore blockage yog loj, thiab cov concentration ntawm cov kua nyob rau hauv daim nyias nyias yog ho nce vim yog. lub concentration ntawm polarization concentration, uas yog ib qho yooj yim los tsim ib tug gel txheej, uas ua rau muaj zog filtration kuj; Thaum cov sludge concentration siab dua ib qho nqi, EPC concentration nce, cov sludge viscosity loj hlob sai, thiab viscosity muaj feem xyuam rau cov membrane flux thiab qhov loj ntawm npuas nyob rau hauv qhov sib tov, thiab cov sludge yog ib qho yooj yim mus tso rau hauv. lub membrane nto thiab tsim ib txheej thicker sludge. Nws feem ntau ntseeg tau tias muaj qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov sludge concentration, thaum cov sludge concentration siab dua tus nqi no, cov membrane flux yuav raug cuam tshuam, yog li cov sludge concentration tuaj yeem xaiv los tswj cov kab mob sib kis tau zoo hauv qhov tsim nyog. Sludge expansion thiab sludge nplua yuav ua rau muaj kab mob loj heev.
Cov dej muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem MBR kuj tseem muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau dua ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw, uas yuav tsum muaj qee qhov kev kho mob, xws li cov plaub hau thiab cov ntaub ntawv khib nyiab yuav qhwv ib ncig ntawm cov qauv, ua rau cov txheej txheem membrane kom cov av nkos thiab yog li ua rau daim nyias nyias. Cov kab mob sib kis, uas yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm los ntawm cov kab sib txawv zoo ntawm daim nyias nyias ua ntej nkag mus rau aerobic biochemical; av nkos thiab xuab zeb thiab lwm yam khoom nyuaj tuaj yeem ua rau cov membrane filaments, uas yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm los ntawm cov xuab zeb dab dej; roj ua rau cov kab mob tsis huv ua rau cov membrane filaments. cov pa phem, ntau tshaj li qhov yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm los ntawm cov cuab yeej roj, huab cua ntab, thiab lwm yam .; inorganic tshuaj: tej zaum yuav precipitate ntawm daim nyias nyias, scaling, thaiv lub membrane pores. Nws tuaj yeem tswj tau los ntawm flocculation thiab nag lossis daus lossis pH hloov kho kom tiv thaiv nws los ntawm nag lossis daus. Lwm yam kab mob uas muaj feem xyuam rau daim nyias nyias, xws li cov kuab tshuaj organic, surfactants, defoamers, PAM, hardness, alkalinity, thiab kub, yuav tsum tau them tshwj xeeb mloog nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub.
(3) Kev ua haujlwm ib puag ncig
a.Sub-critical flux
Lub flux tseem ceeb yog txhais raws li qhov muaj nyob ntawm flux xws li thaum lub flux ntau dua li tus nqi no, TMP nce ntau, thaum lub flux tsawg dua tus nqi no, TMP tseem nyob ruaj khov. Lub tswv yim no tuaj yeem pab peb nrhiav cov ntsiab lus siv ntawm kev ua kom cov membrane flux thiab kev tswj xyuas cov kab mob sib kis tau zoo. Hauv kev ua haujlwm tiag tiag ntawm cov txheej txheem membrane, qhov kev khiav hauj lwm flux saum cov flux tseem ceeb yog hu ua super-critical flux operation, thiab kev khiav hauj lwm flux hauv qab cov flux tseem ceeb yog hu ua sub-critical flux operation. Hauv kev xyaum, qhov kev khiav hauj lwm flux yuav tsum raug xaiv. Qhov kev khiav hauj lwm flux tus nqi yog nyob rau hauv qhov tseem ceeb ntau yam, thiab qee zaum qhov kev khiav hauj lwm flux tsuas yog kwv yees li 50% ntawm qhov tseem ceeb flux. Tau kawg, kev sib kis ntawm daim nyias nyias nyob rau hauv MBR ua haujlwm ntev, txawm tias muaj kev ua haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev ua haujlwm, muaj qhov nce ntxiv hauv TMP.
b.Tsim nyog Aeration
Nyob rau hauv MBR, lub hom phiaj ntawm aeration tsis yog tsuas yog muab cov pa oxygen rau cov kab mob, tab sis kuj ua rau cov npuas nce thiab lawv cov dej ntws tawm los ntxuav cov membrane saum npoo thiab nres cov sludge aggregation kom cov membrane flux ruaj khov. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov nyhuv jittering tsim los ntawm kev sib tsoo ntawm npuas thiab daim nyias nyias cov fibers txawm ua rau cov membrane fibers rub tawm rau ib leeg, uas tuaj yeem ua kom nrawm nrawm ntawm daim nyias nyias ntawm cov sediments thiab pab txhawb kev txo qis ntawm cov pa phem. Thaum lub aeration loj dhau lawm, nws yuav ua rau qhov loj me me ntawm daim nyias nyias ntawm qhov tso nyiaj kom txo qis, ua rau cov qauv ntawm lub ncuav mog qab zib lim denser, yog li ua rau cov membrane pom tsis kam; ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, thaum lub aeration tsawg dhau, qhov cuam tshuam yuav tsis muaj zog thiab cov pa phem yuav ua rau hnyav dua, yog li qhov tsim nyog aeration yuav tsum raug xaiv.
c.Kev khiav hauj lwm thiab nres alternation
Raws li 3-theory theory of membrane contamination, formation of contamination on the membrane deg yuav tsum muaj txheej txheem. Ua ntej, cov kab mob yuav adsorb, tso thiab sib sau rau ntawm daim nyias nyias. Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua yog txhawm rau txhim kho cov kev ua haujlwm ntawm daim nyias nyias los ntawm kev tso tseg cov membrane pom ib ntus kom cov sludge tso rau ntawm daim nyias nyias tuaj yeem tshem tawm ntawm daim nyias nyias los ntawm lub zog shear los ntawm aeration thiab dej ntws. Feem ntau, lub sij hawm siv lub sij hawm ntev dua, qhov ntau dua ntawm cov khoom raug tshem tawm ntawm daim nyias nyias; ntev lub sij hawm nres, qhov ntau tag nrho cov sludge tso rau ntawm daim nyias nyias yuav poob tawm, thiab ntau qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm daim nyias nyias tuaj yeem rov qab tau. Hauv txoj ntsiab cai, kev ua haujlwm hloov pauv thiab kev txwv yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab raws li cov neeg tsim khoom siv daim nyias nyias cov lus pom zoo thiab cov haujlwm ua haujlwm tiag tiag kom ua tau raws li nws tus yam ntxwv.
