Los ntawm: Kate
Email:kate@aquasust.com
Hnub tim: 13 Kaum Ib Hlis 2024
Kev lag luam thiab kev ua haujlwm hauv tsev siv cov khoom siv dej ntau thiab tsim cov dej khib nyiab loj, ua rau muaj teeb meem ntawm cov dej tsis txaus thiab cov dej tsis zoo hauv ntau lub tebchaws. Yog li ntawd, kev ua tiav kev kho tsis muaj kuab paug thiab rov ua dua cov dej khib nyiab yog qhov teeb meem ceev uas yuav tsum tau daws. Cov txheej txheem ntawm coagulation thiab sedimentation yog yooj yim rau kev khiav lag luam thiab nqi-zoo, dav siv hauv kev kho dej khib nyiab. Feem ntau siv coagulants tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb pawg: inorganic coagulants, organic polymer coagulants, thiab microbial coagulants. Ntawm cov no, tus nqi qis inorganic coagulants yog tam sim no siv dav tshaj plaws, thaum cov organic coagulants nthuav tawm cov kev kho mob zoo tshaj plaws. Microbial coagulants tseem nyob rau hauv kev tshawb fawb theem. Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev ua tau zoo, kev nyab xeeb, thiab kev lag luam tshiab sib xyaw coagulants yog cov qauv tseem ceeb rau yav tom ntej ntawm kev txhim kho coagulant.
Kev faib tawm ntawm coagulants
Feem ntau lees txais mechanism ntawm coagulation muaj ob txheej txheem: coagulation thiab flocculation. Cov txheej txheem coagulation yog hais txog kev ua kom tsis muaj zog ntawm colloidal hais thiab tsim cov aggregates me me; cov txheej txheem flocculation cuam tshuam nrog cov me me aggregates txuas ua ke nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm coagulant los tsim cov flocs loj. Cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb ntawm coagulants muaj xws li compression ntawm ob txheej hluav taws xob, cov nyhuv adsorption-bridging, thiab cheb flocculation, uas destabilize cov colloidal hais nyob rau hauv dej, ua rau lawv aggregation thiab nyob, yog li ua tiav cov nyhuv flocculation. Cov coagulants feem ntau tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb pawg tseem ceeb: inorganic coagulants, organic polymer coagulants, thiab microbial coagulants.
01 Inorganic Coagulants
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm inorganic coagulants suav nrog ob chav hluav taws xob txheej compression thiab them nyiaj nruab nrab. Cov coagulants tsim counter-ions nyob rau hauv cov dej khib nyiab, uas compress ob txheej hluav taws xob, uas ua rau txo qis hauv zeta peev xwm ntawm cov colloids, ua rau cov hydration txheej ntawm qhov chaw ploj, destabilizing cov colloids. Tom qab ntawd, cov khoom siv colloidal sib sau ua ke los ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov hluav taws xob thiab cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob los ua cov loj, ntom ntom.
Inorganic coagulants tuaj yeem raug cais raws li cov qauv sib txawv: los ntawm anionic muaj pes tsawg leeg, lawv tuaj yeem muab faib ua sulfate-based thiab chloride-based; los ntawm qhov hnyav molecular, lawv tuaj yeem muab faib ua siab molecular thiab qis molecular; thiab los ntawm hom hlau ntsev, lawv tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov ntsev hlau (xws li ferric chloride, ferrous sulfate, thiab ferric sulfate) thiab txhuas ntsev (xws li txhuas sulfate, potassium aluminium sulfate, thiab sodium aluminate).
Flocs tsim los ntawm cov ntsev hlau yog loj thiab ntom, yuav tsum tau siv tsawg dua, thiab lawv ua tau zoo ntawm qhov kub thiab txias nrog qhov sib txawv pH (nruab nrab ntawm 5.0 thiab 11). Txawm li cas los xij, hlau ntsev tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom siv corrosive, yuav tsum tau saib xyuas qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov khoom siv thiab cov kav dej thaum siv. Aluminium ntsev muaj lub sijhawm luv luv thiab cov xim qis dua tom qab kho, tab sis lawv cov txiaj ntsig yog pH-nyob ntawm ntau. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov qib siab ntawm Al³⁺ nyob hauv dej tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev ua qias tuaj, uas yuav ua rau Alzheimer's kab mob thiab ntshav ntshav thaum nkag mus rau tib neeg lub cev, yog li yuav tsum tau saib xyuas tshwj xeeb kom tsis txhob muaj cov pa phem thib ob.
Cov coagulants uas tsis tshua muaj molecular hnyav no yog pheej yig thiab siv dav tab sis muaj teeb meem xws li kev siv nyiaj ntau, kev tsim cov sludge tseem ceeb, thiab kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo. Yog li ntawd, muaj kev hloov maj mam los ntawm qis molecular mus rau siab molecular inorganic coagulants. Tam sim no, feem ntau siv siab molecular inorganic coagulants muaj xws li polymeric aluminium coagulants, polymeric hlau coagulants, reactive silica coagulants, thiab composite coagulants. Lawv qhov kev ua haujlwm feem ntau yog nyob ntawm qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev sib txuas, nthuav tawm qhov zoo xws li pH tsawg dua thiab qhov kub thiab txias, qhov cuam tshuam adsorption ruaj khov, qis dua, thiab cov xim tsis tshua muaj. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, kev tsim cov nplai ntawm cov molecular inorganic coagulants tau maj mam nce, suav txog 80% ntawm tag nrho cov coagulant ntau lawm, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog qhia cov teebmeem tseem ceeb hauv kev kho cov dej khib nyiab siab.
02 Organic Polymer Coagulants
Cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov organic coagulants feem ntau suav nrog:
(1)adsorption ntawm colloidal hais los ntawm hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interactions, thiab van der Waals rog;
(2) Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob polymer ua kom yooj yim rau kev sib haum xeeb los ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm cov khoom siv adsorption. Piv rau inorganic coagulants, organic polymer coagulants muaj qhov zoo xws li kev kho mob zoo dua, lub sij hawm flocculation luv dua, tsim nyog rau qhov kub thiab txias, ntau pH ntau, thiab tsawg sludge ntau lawm.
Organic polymer coagulants tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob pawg: ntuj hloov pauv polymer coagulants thiab hluavtaws polymer coagulants. Synthetic polymer coagulants muaj kev tswj tau thiab qhov hnyav molecular hnyav, thiab lawv tuaj yeem qhia ntau pawg ua haujlwm rau hauv cov saw ntu, muab cov teebmeem flocculation zoo heev. Tam sim no, feem ntau tus neeg sawv cev hluavtaws polymer coagulant nyob rau hauv Suav lag luam yog polyacrylamide (PAM) thiab nws cov derivatives, uas suav txog 80% ntawm tag nrho cov lag luam.
Nyob rau hauv sib piv rau hluavtaws polymers, uas muaj cov nqi ntau lawm thiab ib puag ncig toxicity, natural modified polymer coagulants muaj qhov zoo xws li muaj dav, tus nqi qis, kev nyab xeeb, tsis muaj tshuaj lom, thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm molecular customizable. Natural modified polymer coagulants feem ntau suav nrog cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab, chitosan, cellulose, guar gum, thiab lwm cov pos hniav raws li cov pos hniav, proteins, thiab algae, txhua yam tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab tsiaj txhu.
Piv txwv li, hloov cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab molecules tuaj yeem ua tau zoo heev flocculation teebmeem; cationic etherified starch thiab nws cov derivatives tuaj yeem ua tau zoo flocculate cov khoom tsis zoo, thaum cov qauv ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab muaj zog flocculation cuam tshuam rau cov hlau hnyav xws li tooj liab, mercury, thiab txhuas. Starch graft copolymers copolymerized nrog lwm cov monomers kuj tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov hlau ions hnyav. Kev hloov kho Chitosan tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm txoj hauv kev xws li grafting, esterification, crosslinking, thiab alkylation. Ntau hom ntuj polymer coagulants tuaj yeem tau txais ntau yam khoom uas xav tau los ntawm kev hloov kho tshuaj lom neeg thiab kev hloov kho kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm cov khoom siv tswv yim thiab lub neej txhua hnub.
03 Microbial Flocculants
Microbial flocculants yog cov khoom hnyav molecular thiab biomass tsim los ntawm kev loj hlob thiab cov metabolism ntawm cov kab mob tshwj xeeb ntawm qee theem. Lawv tuaj yeem ua rau kev sib sau ua ke thiab sedimentation ntawm cov khoom raug tshem tawm hauv cov dej khib nyiab, yog li ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm kev lim dej huv. Microbial flocculants muaj ntau qhov chaw thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo; Lawv feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm polysaccharides, proteins, DNA chains, glycoproteins, thiab polyamino acids. Lawv tuaj yeem degrade ib txwm tsis ua rau cov pa phem thib ob.
Muaj ntau cov kab mob uas muaj peev xwm ua tau flocculants, uas tuaj yeem yooj yim industrialized los ntawm txoj kev tsim. Txawm li cas los xij, kev tshawb fawb ntawm microbial flocculants hauv Suav teb tseem txwv, thiab cov kev tshawb fawb tam sim no feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv chav kuaj, deb ntawm kev ua tiav kev lag luam.
Kev loj hlob Prospects ntawm Flocculants
Flocculants muaj ntau yam kev siv hauv kev kho dej khib nyiab, tshem tawm ntau yam tshem tawm lossis soluble impurities, hlau ions, kab mob, kab mob, thiab lwm yam kuab paug. Lawv pab ua kom tiav deoxygenation, decolorization, thiab phosphorus tshem tawm, ua rau tsis muaj kuab paug thiab kev siv dej pov tseg zoo. Nrog rau kev tshawb fawb tsis tu ncua, hom flocculants siv hauv kev kho dej khib nyiab hauv Suav teb tau hloov pauv los ntawm cov tsis muaj molecular inorganic flocculants mus rau high-molecular organic flocculants thiab los ntawm ib leeg mus rau hom sib xyaw, aiming rau efficiency, nqi-zoo, thiab ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg.
Piv rau inorganic flocculants thiab dav siv hluavtaws high-molecular flocculants, ntuj high-molecular flocculants muaj qhov zoo sib xws xws li dav dav, tsis tshua muaj nqi, kev nyab xeeb, tsis muaj tshuaj lom, thiab ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg. Kev lag luam khib nyiab feem ntau yog loj hauv ntim, complex nyob rau hauv muaj pes tsawg leeg, thiab muaj ruaj khov dispersions; Yog li, ib qho flocculant yuav tsis zoo tshem tawm tag nrho cov khoom.
Tsis ntev los no, tau muaj ib qho qauv ntawm kev siv inorganic-organic thiab inorganic-microbial composite flocculants, leveraging cov teebmeem synergistic ntawm inorganic-organic flocculants. Ua ntej, inorganic flocculants neutralize tsub nqi thiab aggregate impurities rau hauv loj molecular pawg, ua raws li cov organic high-molecular flocculants ntes cov pawg no los ntawm kev sib txuas ua haujlwm rau kev ua kom zoo sedimentation. Kev siv cov inorganic flocculants tuaj yeem txo qhov ntau ntawm cov organic flocculants xav tau, ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm tus nqi qis. Txawm li cas los xij, cov qauv tsim tshwj xeeb thiab ntau npaum li cas yuav tsum tau sim txuas ntxiv raws li hom dej khib nyiab.
Tam sim no, polyaluminium chloride-polyacrylamide composite flocculants feem ntau siv thiab qhia tau zoo; Txawm li cas los xij, lawv ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ib puag ncig. Kev tshawb fawb yav tom ntej tuaj yeem tsom mus rau kev sib txuas ntawm polymeric silica inorganic flocculants nrog ntuj organic high-molecular flocculants los txhim kho ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg. Yog tias kev lag luam tsim cov microbial flocculants tuaj yeem ua tiav, cov tshuab inorganic-microbial composite flocculant yuav tsum tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo heev.
Kev tsis zoo ntawm cov dej tsis zoo vim tib neeg cov dej num tsim tau ua rau tsis muaj kuab paug thiab kev kho cov dej khib nyiab yog qhov teeb meem ceev. Kev siv cov txheej txheem flocculation tsim nyog thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm tuaj yeem ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov nqi qis. Tam sim no, flocculants tau hloov pauv los ntawm qhov hnyav molecular mus rau qhov hnyav molecular thiab los ntawm ib hom mus rau hom sib xyaw, tshem tawm cov khoom tshem tawm thiab yaj impurities, hnyav hlau, thiab xim los ntawm cov dej khib nyiab.